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Blood type personality theory
There is a common, popular belief in Japan and other East Asian countries that a person's ABO blood type or is predictive of their personality, temperament, and compatibility with others. This is similar to how astrological signs are perceived as influencing factors in a person's life in other countries.
Ultimately deriving from ideas of historical scientific racism, which was originated in early twentieth century's Europe, Japan used blood type as a countermeasure against it.〔Takeji Furukawa (1927), 血液型と気質 Blood Type and Temperament - in Europe As are more than Asia, so Europeans insisted A races are superior to B races. A Japanese scholar, Takeji Furukawa opposed the idea and asserted that B persons were active while A persons were passive.〕 The popular belief originates with publications by Masahiko Nomi in the 1970s. The scientific community generally dismisses such beliefs as superstition or pseudoscience because of the lack demonstrable evidence or reference to testable criteria.〔〔(Dating by blood type in Japan )〕 Although research into the causal link between blood type and personality is limited, research conclusively demonstrates no statistically significant association.〔Cramer, K. M., & Imaike, E. (2002). Personality, blood type, and the five-factor model. Personality and individual differences, 32(4), 621-626.〕〔Rogers, M., & Glendon, A. I. (2003). Blood type and personality. Personality and individual differences, 34(7), 1099-1112.〕〔Wu, K., Lindsted, K. D., & Lee, J. W. (2005). Blood type and the five factors of personality in Asia. Personality and individual differences, 38(4), 797-808.〕〔Kengo Nawata (2014), (''No relationship between blood type and personality: Evidence from large-scale surveys in Japan and the US'' ), The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 85(2), 148-156.〕 However, some studies suggest statistically significant relationships, although as self-fulfilling phenomena of persons acting in accordance with their assumed blood type personality rather than their blood type biologically influencing their personality.〔Sakamoto, A., & Yamazaki, K. (2004), (''Blood-typical personality stereotypes and self-fulfilling prophecy: A natural experiment with time-series data of 1978–1988.'' ), Progress in Asian Social Psychology, Vol. 4, 239–262.〕〔Yamazaki, K., & Sakamoto, A. (1992), 血液型ステレオタイプによる自己成就現象II－全国調査の時系列分析－ ''The self-fulfillment phenomenon generated by blood-typical personality stereotypes: time-series analysis of nation-wide survey II'', Paper presented at the 33rd annual convention of the Japanese society of social psychology. Tokyo (pp. 342-345).〕〔Cosy Muto, Masahiro Nagashima et. al. (2011), (A Demonstrative and Critical Study on Pseudo-science for Scientific Literacy Construction at Teacher Education Course ), FY2011 Final Research Report from the Database of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research - neither exact number of samples nor years was specified in the report〕 Recently, some medical hypotheses have been proposed.〔Donna K. Hobgood (2011), ''(Personality traits of aggression-submissiveness and perfectionism associate with ABO blood groups through catecholamine activities )'', Medical Hypotheses, 77(2):294-300.〕〔Shoko Tsuchimine, Junji Saruwatari, Ayako Kaneda, Norio Yasui-Furukori (2015), ''(ABO Blood Type and Personality Traits in Healthy Japanese Subjects )''〕
==History==
The ABO blood group system is widely credited to the Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner, who discovered three blood types in 1900.
In 1926, Rin Hirano and Tomita Yashima published the article "Blood Type Biological Related" in the ''Army Medical Journal''. It was seen to be a non-statistical and unscientific report, motivated by racism.
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